A Conceptual Perspective on the Notion of the Political System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2026.03.20.08Keywords:
Concept of political system, political parties, interest groups, civil society institutions, social security, non-state actors, global economicsAbstract
This study examines the role of the state as the central actor within contemporary political systems. Drawing on classical political theory, systems-theoretical frameworks, and modern analyses, the research investigates how the state coordinates institutions, mediates social interests, and ensures political stability in increasingly complex environments. The study adopts a conceptual and theoretical methodology, integrating the historical evolution of state forms, structural-functional approaches, and the interactions between state and non-state actors. Findings indicate that the state maintains its centrality despite challenges posed by globalisation, technological advancements, and the empowerment of non-state actors. The state functions not only as a legal and administrative authority but also as a coordinator of political processes, a guarantor of democratic participation, and a mediator of societal interests. Institutional interactions with political parties, civil society, and supranational organisations reinforce the state’s adaptive capacity and legitimacy. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the state’s enduring and adaptive role within political systems. By linking historical theory, institutional structures, and contemporary dynamics, the study provides a comprehensive framework for analysing how the state sustains governance, public trust, and social cohesion amid modern political and global challenges.
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