Climate and Inclusion: Gender and Disability in Post-Conflict Natural Resource Mediation in Northern Uganda

Abstract

This qualitative study investigates how climate variability interacts with social inequalities to shape natural resource conflicts, exploring the dynamics of conflict resolution in the Nwoya and Kitgum districts of Northern Uganda. This study aims to develop inclusive models for natural resource mediation in post-conflict communities. Utilising a framework that integrates gender analysis, disability inclusion, and climate justice, the research examines the gender-specific roles of men and women, as well as the contributions and exclusions faced by persons with disabilities (PWDs). Data were collected through key informant interviews with 60 participants, comprising 30 from each district, alongside two focus groups in each area to enrich the findings. This qualitative approach was chosen for its strengths in capturing nuanced perspectives and lived experiences, which are essential for understanding complex social dynamics. Results indicate that men predominantly engage in formal mediation, while women and PWDs lead informal conflict resolution, leveraging their unique perspectives to address disputes effectively. Notably, individuals with physical disabilities are more readily accepted by society, whereas those who are blind or have albinism face greater discrimination. When conflict resolution fails, communities often turn to Mato Oput, a traditional mechanism, and if this also fails, migration becomes a survival strategy, introducing new challenges. This study is among the first to integrate climate variability, gender, and disability in the context of peacebuilding, underscoring its novelty. The practical significance of the findings lies in their potential to inform inclusive policy design in resource governance, promoting equitable participation for marginalised groups, particularly women, youth, and PWDs, and fostering resilience amid environmental and social pressures.