The Impact of Performance Appraisal on Employee Motivation and Satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2025.09.20.05Keywords:
performance appraisal, motivation, satisfaction, human resource management, employee engagement, organisational behaviour.Abstract
This work examined how the performance appraisal system affects employee motivation and job satisfaction at Helmand University, which is a public higher education institution in Afghanistan. The main objective of the study was to measure the level of motivation and satisfaction and clarify how the performance appraisal affects motivation and satisfaction. The data of the study were developed based on a survey and collected through a distributed questionnaire. A total of 96 respondents were obtained from administrative employees at Helmand University. The study adopted the regression approach (using SPSS version 27.0) to examine these relationships. The results provided that the employees were highly motivated and highly satisfied, and the results revealed moderately positive relationships between performance appraisal and motivation (R = 0.454, β = 0.346, Sig. = 0.000) and job satisfaction (R = 0.566, β = 0.652, Sig. = 0.000). The study recommends that public higher education institutions and similar organisations adopt performance appraisals tailored to their specific needs, thereby enhancing employee motivation, satisfaction, and potentially, performance. This approach can contribute to a brighter future for developing and war-torn countries.
References
Ally, M., & Mtimike, S. (2025). The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on job performance in Tanzania's public sector. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 11.
Ishaque, A., Ur Rehman, S., Tufail, M., Khan, Q., Shah, M., & Khalil, Y. (2018). Impact of employee's satisfaction with performance appraisal system on employee work performance: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 11, 153–165.
Barbieri, M., Micacchi, L., Vidè, F., & Valotti, G. (2021). The performance of performance appraisal systems: A theoretical framework for public organizations. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 43(2), 308–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X211043560
Theng, B. P. (2023). The impact of performance appraisal on employee motivation at PT. Galatta Lestarindo Medan. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences, 5(3), 302–308. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v5i3.3926
Brown, M., & Heywood, J. S. (2005). Performance appraisal systems: Determinants and change. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(4), 659–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2005.00478.x
Buckham, R. (2019). Transforming performance appraisal through appreciative inquiry. Estudios de Administración, 25(2), 127–159. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0816.2018.55390
Dangol, P. (2020). Role of performance appraisal system and its impact on employees motivation. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 2(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems119
Daoanis, L. E. (2012). Performance appraisal system: Its implication to employee performance. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2(3), 55–62.
DeNisi, A. S., & Murphy, K. R. (2017). Performance appraisal and performance management: 100 years of progress? Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000085
Kaur, G., & Sahay, U. (2021). A systematic review of the impact of performance appraisal systems and competency management framework on the performance of employees in the telecom sector. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(1), 2515–2531. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1127
Fletcher, C. (2001). Performance appraisal and management: The developing research agenda. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317901167488
Gelderen, B., & Bik, L. (2016). Affective organizational commitment, work engagement and service performance among police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 39(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-10-2015-0123
Giamos, D., Olivier, D., & Léger, P.-M. (2023). Continuous performance feedback: Investigating the effects of feedback content and feedback sources on performance, motivation to improve performance and task engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 44(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2023.2238029
Goller, D., & Späth, M. (2024). 'Good job!' The impact of positive and negative feedback on performance. Sports Economics Review, 8, Article 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serev.2024.100045
Guerci, M., Hauff, S., & Gilardi, S. (2022). High performance work practices and their associations with health, happiness and relational well-being: Are there any tradeoffs? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(2), 329–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1695647
Perkasa, D. H., Susiang, M. I. N., Herawaty, Y., Febrian, W. D., & Parashakti, R. D. (2023). Motivation, work discipline, and satisfaction on employee performance of PT. Vindo post-pandemic Covid-19: A proposed study. KnE Social Sciences, 8(12), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i12.13674
Ho, A. D., & Yu, C. C. (2015). Descriptive statistics for modern test score distributions: Skewness, kurtosis, discreteness, and ceiling effects. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 75(3), 365–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164414548576
Ishaque, A., Ur Rehman, S., Tufail, M., Khan, Q., Shah, M., & Khalil, Y. (2018). Impact of employee's satisfaction with performance appraisal system on employee work performance: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 11(Special Issue), 153–165.
Ismail, F., Salahudin, S. N., Jaes, L. B., Yusoff, M. Z., Xi, C. J., Alhosani, H., & Ali, A. (2022). The effect of performance appraisal system towards employee performance, employee motivation and employee satisfaction. Webology, 19(2), 3819–3836.
Kabwe, N., Daka, H., & Lisulo, S. (2024). Exploration of the perceptions of academic staff on performance appraisals: A case of some selected private universities in Lusaka District. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 11(2), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1102041
Kalogiannidis, S., Kalfas, D., Chalaris, M., Spinthiropoulos, K., & Chatzitheodoridis, F. (2025). Evaluating the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems in enhancing employee performance: A case study of Greece. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 22, 234–252. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2025.22.23
Kampkötter, P., Mohrenweiser, J., Sliwka, D., Steffes, S., & Wolter, S. (2016). Measuring the use of human resources practices and employee attitudes. Evidence-Based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 4(2), 94–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-09-2015-0037
Khan, M. F. (2013). Role of performance appraisal system on employees motivation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-0846683
Kurniawan, D., Al-Faqih, H., & Raisy, L. W. (2024). Development of a comprehensive performance appraisal instrument using behaviorally anchored rating scales and fuzzy TOPSIS. E3S Web of Conferences, 484, Article 01007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448401007
Kuvaas, B. (2006). Performance appraisal satisfaction and employee outcomes: Mediating and moderating roles of work motivation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(3), 504–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500521581
Latham, G. P., Almost, J., Mann, S., & Moore, C. (2005). New developments in performance management. Organizational Dynamics, 34(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.11.001
Levy, P. E., & Williams, J. R. (2004). The social context of performance appraisal: A review and framework for the future. Journal of Management, 30(6), 881–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.005
Lünich, M., Keller, B., & Marcinkowski, F. (2024). Fairness of academic performance prediction for the distribution of support measures for students: Differences in perceived fairness of distributive justice norms. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 29(2), 1079–1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09698-y
Micacchi, L., Vidé, F., Giacomelli, G., & Barbieri, M. (2024). Performance appraisal justice and employees' work engagement in the public sector: Making the most of performance appraisal design. Public Administration, 102(3), 815–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12952
Mo, Y. (2023). A study on the impact of employee performance appraisal on employee satisfaction and loyalty. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 11(4), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2023.11.4.757
Mustafa-Sadiku, K. (2025). Job satisfaction and motivation in enhancing performance. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 15(2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.15.02.2025.p15803
Najafi, L., Hamidi, Y., Vatankhah, S., & Purnajaf, A. (2010). Performance appraisal and its effects on employees' motivation and job promotion. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(12), 6052–6056.
Nurrahmi, N., Kaban, R. F., & Widjaja, H. S. (2023). The effect of leadership style and work motivation on employee performance. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v4i3.702
Peng, J. (2022). Performance appraisal system and its optimization method for enterprise management employees based on the KPI index. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, Article 1937083. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1937083
Susanto, P. C., Syailendra, S., & Suryawan, R. F. (2023). Determination of motivation and performance: Analysis of job satisfaction, employee engagement and leadership. International Journal of Business and Applied Economics, 2(2), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijbae.v2i2.2135
Pujiarti, P., Parameswari, R., & Janamarta, S. (2021). Performance appraisal standardization of educational manpower and education management. Primanomics: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 19(1), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.31253/pe.v19i1.510
Rahman, A., & Muktadir, M. G. (2021). SPSS: An imperative quantitative data analysis tool for social science research. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 5(10), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2021.51012
Wardiansyah, D. R., Indrawati, N. K., & Kurniawati, D. T. (2024). The effect of employee motivation and employee engagement on job performance mediated by job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 13(1), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i1.3133
Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2022). Job satisfaction, performance appraisal, reinforcement and job tasks in medical healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37(4), 2345–2353. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3476
Rwothumio, J., Okaka, W., Kambaza, S., & Kyomukama, E. (2021). Influence of performance appraisal in determining academic staff performance in public universities in Uganda. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.3.1.281
Malik, M. S., & Aslam, S. (2013). Performance appraisal and employee's motivation: A comparative analysis of telecom industry of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 33(1), 195–203.
Sotiropoulos, D. A. (2004). Southern European public bureaucracies in comparative perspective. West European Politics, 27(3), 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000228077
Speer, A. B., Perrotta, J., & Kordsmeyer, T. L. (2024). Taking it easy: Off-the-shelf versus fine-tuned supervised modeling of performance appraisal text. Organizational Research Methods. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10944281241271249
Spinelli, M., Preti, E., Kassa, T. T., Asale, M. A., Goshu, M. A., Tsega, T. W., Gezie, A. M., Fasolo, M., & Mesman, J. (2023). Cultural considerations in the assessment of sensitivity in low-income caregivers in Ethiopia. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1163773. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163773
Stor, M. (2023). The effects of employee performance appraisal on the company performance results: The mediating role of HRM outcomes with an innovative application of the efficiency index. Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues, 21(1), 68–99. https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.99.4
Su, X., Liu, Y., & Hanson-Rasmussen, N. (2017). Voice behavior, supervisor attribution and employee performance appraisal. Sustainability, 9(10), Article 1829. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101829
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035
U, D. (2025). A study on impact of performance appraisal system on employee motivation and job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 9(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45560
Vasset, F., Marnburg, E., & Furunes, T. (2011). The effects of performance appraisal in the Norwegian municipal health services: A case study. Human Resources for Health, 9(1), Article 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-9-22
Veeraragavan, P. (2021). Impact of task performance on job satisfaction of IT employees. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(4), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2021.27.04.015
Wenzel, A. K., Krause, T. A., & Vogel, D. (2019). Making performance pay work: The impact of transparency, participation, and fairness on controlling perception and intrinsic motivation. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17715502
Widjaja, W., Suprihartini, Y., Dirgantoro, G. P., & W, W. (2024). Application of ROC criteria prioritization technique in employee performance appraisal evaluation. Jurnal Galaksi, 1(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.70103/galaksi.v1i1.7
Sari, Y. P., Satriawan, I. K., Hartiati, A., & Satriawan, K. (2024). Analysis of employee performance appraisal using the behaviorally anchor rating scale method at CV. BBC. American International Journal of Business Management, 7(8), 218–225.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.