Spiritually-Based Health Intelligence: A New Paradigm in Realizing Optimal Degree of Public Health

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2025.06.20.04

Keywords:

health promotion, holistic-comprehensive approach, public health, spiritually-based Health Intelligence, traditional medical approach

Abstract

The increasing burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases highlights the need for a holistic approach to public health, integrating spirituality with physical and mental health. Traditional health models lack this crucial integration. This study aims to develop a Spiritually Based Health Intelligence model that integrates physical, mental, and spiritual health dimensions. It explores the role of spirituality in enhancing community health and proposes inclusive public health policies. A qualitative research approach was employed, using secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, books, and articles. Data were analyzed through content, comparative, and critical analysis to develop a conceptual framework for spiritually-based Health Intelligence. The Spiritually-Based Health Intelligence model promotes a comprehensive, holistic approach to health, integrating physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions. This model encourages community empowerment and self-sustaining health behaviours. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive and spiritually inclusive health policies, highlighting the role of spirituality in achieving optimal health. This study introduces a novel conceptual framework that expands current public health paradigms by integrating spirituality as a core determinant of health. It presents a transformative health promotion model, emphasizing the importance of integrating spirituality with health intelligence to enhance well-being at the individual and community levels.

References

Alinejad, N., Khosromanesh, F., Bijani, M., Taghinezhad, A., Khiyali, Z., & Dehghan, A. (2025). Spiritual well-being, resilience, and health-promoting lifestyle among older adult hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1), Article 265. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05877-x

Alyafei, A., & Easton-Carr, R. (2024). The health belief model of behavior change. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK606120/

Bahrami, M., Musarezaie, A., Farzi, S., Beigi-Harchegani, H., & Mosavizadeh, R. (2024). Development, implementation, and evaluation of a spiritual health promotion program for mothers of children with acute leukemia based on mobile health: A mixed-methods protocol study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1), Article 412. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_42_24

Bożek, A., Nowak, P. F., & Blukacz, M. (2020). The relationship between spirituality, health-related behavior, and psychological well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 1997. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01997

Crystal, S. (2021). Spiritually influenced health: results of a health promotion initiative in houses of worship. International Journal of Faith Community Nursing, 6(1), Article 5. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijfcn/vol6/iss1/5

Eryılmaz, M. (2022). Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model in designing a genital health program. Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care, 8(4), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.32598/JCCNC.8.4.443.1

Hacker, K., Auerbach, J., Ikeda, R., Philip, C., & Houry, D. (2022). Social determinants of health—an approach taken at CDC. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 28(6), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001626

Hadi, A. (2020). Konsep dan praktek kesehatan berbasis ajaran Islam. Al-Risalah, 11(2), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v11i2.822

Hagger, M. S. (2019). The reasoned action approach and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. In D. S. Dunn (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies in Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/OBO/9780199828340

Hanckel, B., Petticrew, M., Thomas, J., & Green, J. (2021). The use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to address causality in complex systems: a systematic review of research on public health interventions. BMC Public Health, 21(1), Article 877. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10926-2

Hassan, A. A. S. (2023). The components of spiritual intelligence predicting mental toughness and emotional creativity for university students. Education Research International, 2023, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1631978

Khayyam, M., Chuanmin, S., Salim, M. A., Nizami, A., Ali, J., Ali, H., Khan, N., Ihtisham, M., & Anjum, R. (2022). COVID-19 vaccination behavior among frontline healthcare workers in Pakistan: the theory of planned behavior, perceived susceptibility, and anticipated regret. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 808338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.808338

Komalasari, R. (2022). Pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam telemedicine: dari perspektif profesional kesehatan. Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman, 9(2), 72–81. https://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JKM/article/view/8309

Kurniasih, H., Purnanti, K. D., & Atmajaya, R. (2022). Pengembangan sistem informasi penyakit tidak menular (PTM) berbasis teknologi informasi. Jurnal Teknoinfo, 16(1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.33365/jti.v16i1.1520

L’Engle, K., Landeros, A., & Trejo, E. (2025). Examen Tu Salud: a digital spiritual health intervention for young adult US Latinas. Journal of Religion and Health, 64(2), 1222–1238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-025-02270-1

Laili, N., & Tanoto, W. (2021). Model kepercayaan kesehatan (health belief model) masyarakat pada pelaksanaan vaksin COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 17(3), 198–207. https://doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v17i3.625

Lee, K., & Piper, J. (2021). Reviving the role of GPHIN in global epidemic intelligence. In L. West, T. Juneau, & A. Amarasingam (Eds.), Stress Tested (pp. 177–191). University of Calgary Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781773852454-012

Long, K. N. G., Symons, X., VanderWeele, T. J., Balboni, T. A., Rosmarin, D. H., Puchalski, C., Cutts, T., Gunderson, G. R., Idler, E., Oman, D., Balboni, M. J., Tuach, L. S., & Koh, H. K. (2024). Spirituality as a determinant of health: emerging policies, practices, and systems. The article examines spirituality as a social determinant of health. Health Affairs, 43(6), 783–790. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01643

Michelen, M., Phan, M., Zimmer, A., Coury, N., Morey, B., Montiel Hernandez, G., Cantero, P., Zarate, S., Foo, M. A., Tanjasiri, S., Billimek, J., & LeBrón, A. M. W. (2024). Practical qualitative data analysis for public health research: a guide to a team-based approach with flexible coding. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, Article 16094069241289279. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241289279

Nicmanis, M. (2024). Reflexive content analysis: an approach to qualitative data analysis, reduction, and description. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, Article 16094069241236603. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241236603

Nurhayati, E., & Fitriyana, S. (2020). Determinan kesehatan dalam perspektif Islam: studi pendahuluan. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains, 2(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v2i1.5865

Patrick, F. (2024). Traditional healing practices: a comprehensive overview. J Tradit Med Clin Natur, 13, Article 457. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/traditional-healing-practices-a-comprehensive-overview-133186.html

Pinto, C. T., Guedes, L., Pinto, S., & Nunes, R. (2024). Spiritual intelligence: A scoping review on the gateway to mental health. Global Health Action, 17(1), Article 2362310. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2362310

Prihatinta, T., Taali, M., Shahab, D., Lestarinigsih, T., Ayu Nurcahya Ramadhania, D., & Negeri Madiun, P. (2021). Pengembangan multiple intelligence sebagai sarana dalam pembentukan karakter anak pada paguyuban kader kesehatan Desa Winongo Kecamatan Manguharjo Kota Madiun. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 100–104. https://journal.pnm.ac.id/index.php/dikemas/article/view/180

Ridlo, I. A., & Zein, R. A. (2018). Arah kebijakan kesehatan mental: tren global dan nasional serta tantangan aktual. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 46(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v46i1.56

Rina, D. (2020). Pencegahan penyebaran virus corona di bandara menggunakan artificial intelligence. STRING (Satuan Tulisan Riset Dan Inovasi Teknologi), 5(1), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.30998/string.v5i1.6199

Rosyanti, L., Hadi, I., & Akhmad, A. (2022). Kesehatan spiritual terapi Al-Qur’an sebagai pengobatan fisik dan psikologis di masa pandemi COVID-19. Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian, 14(1), 89–114. https://doi.org/10.36990/hijp.v14i1.480

Saad Duque, N. J., Greene-Cramer, B., Awofisayo-Okuyelu, A., Selenic Minet, D., Almiron, M., Swanson, K., Hertlein, C., Mollet, T., Corpuz, A., Koua, E., Williams, G. S., Matsui, T., Phengxay, M., Kato, M., Dorji, T., Ciobanu, S., Cheng, K.-Y., Morgan, O., Mahamud, A. R., & Hamblion, E. (2024). Embedding public health intelligence into the global public health architecture. BMJ Public Health, 2(2), Article e001011. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2024-001011

Setiawaty, V., Kosasih, H., Mardian, Y., Ajis, E., Prasetyowati, E. B., Siswanto, & Karyana, M. (2020). The identification of first COVID-19 cluster in Indonesia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(6), 2339–2342. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0554

Sharifnia, A. M., Fernandez, R., Green, H., & Alananzeh, I. (2022). Spiritual intelligence and professional nursing practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 4, Article 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100096

Stiliya, J. K., Antony, J. M., & Joseph, J. (2024). Spiritual intelligence and spiritual care in nursing practice: a bibliometric review. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 30, 304–314. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_155_2024

Ungar-Sargon, J. (2025). Beyond reductionism or wishful thinking? Tensions between evidence-based practice and spiritual frameworks in contemporary healthcare trends in internal medicine. Trends in Internal Medicine, 5(1), 1–10. https://www.scivisionpub.com/abstract-display.php?id=3855

Ushuluddin, A., Masruri Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, S., & Rusliwa Somantri Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, G. (2019). The integration of spiritually-based holistic education and holistic health towards holistic health education (HHE): Islamic psychology perspective. IJLRES-International Journal on Language, Research and Education Studies, 3(1), 54–70. https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/ijlres/article/view/3176

Wanananda, A. (2021). Henrik Blum. Ebers Papyrus, 27(1), 1–3. https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/ebers_papyrus/article/view/12517

Wardah, W., & Sri Kuncari, E. (2020). Kajian etnobotani pakundalang (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) sebagai solusi alternatif untuk kemandirian kesehatan masyarakat Banggai Kepulauan, Sulawesi Tengah. Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology, 3(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.51

WHO. (2025). Health and Well-Being. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/major-themes/health-and-well-being

Windarto, Y. E., & Marfuah, M. (2020). Implementasi Naives Bayes-certainty factor untuk diagnosa penyakit menular. Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi Dan Komputer), 9(2), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v9i2.823

Yarmaliza, Y., & Zakiyuddin, Z. (2019). Pencegahan dini terhadap penyakit tidak menular (PTM) melalui GERMAS. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin, 2(3), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.36341/jpm.v2i3.794

Zahari, M. H., Ridzuan, M. R., & Abd Rahman, N. A. S. (2022). Application of the health belief model on the intention to stop smoking behavior among smokers in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(10), 693–702. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i10/14969

Downloads

Published

2025-05-26

How to Cite

Huda, M., Puspitasari, R. D., & Ahsan, A. F. (2025). Spiritually-Based Health Intelligence: A New Paradigm in Realizing Optimal Degree of Public Health. Futurity of Social Sciences, 3(2), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2025.06.20.04